• Free Key Generation Software
• Session Start In Php
• Php Sessions Vs

• Introduction
• Using The Session
• Adding Custom Session Drivers

Introduction

Since HTTP driven applications are stateless, sessions provide a way to store information about the user across multiple requests. Laravel ships with a variety of session backends that are accessed through an expressive, unified API. Support for popular backends such as Memcached, Redis, and databases is included out of the box.

Configuration

The session configuration file is stored at config/session.php. Be sure to review the options available to you in this file. By default, Laravel is configured to use the file session driver, which will work well for many applications.

• Session handling is a key concept in PHP that enables user information to be persisted across all the pages of a website or app. In this post, you'll learn the basics of session handling in PHP. We'll start with an explanation of how sessions work and how they are related to cookies.
• Start a PHP Session A session is started with the sessionstart function. Session variables are set with the PHP global variable: $SESSION.
• Each time they are generated, they take private keys and public keys as inputs. Does it mean that the session keys for different sessions are the same, as long as the private and public keys stay the same? Why does the quote say that the session keys generated on the server and on the client in the same session are 'identical'?
• To generate an ECDH session key on the host with a DS28C36, the host must collect the Device Public Key, MANID, and page data from the DS28C36. As shown in Figure 6 the Device Public Key and Master Private Key are used to calculate a new shared point on the elliptic curve.
• The Global Session Helper You may also use the global session PHP function to retrieve and store data in the session. When the session helper is called with a single, string argument, it will return the value of that session key. When the helper is called with an array of key / value pairs, those values will be stored in the session.
• A simple application where non-collision of session IDs is highly preferred but not critical, such as storing a user's shopping cart items for when they return to your site (but not their personal information), IS a good use for the MT, rand MD5, uniqid and combinations thereof.

Jun 06, 2016  This video is part of the Udacity course 'Intro to Information Security'. Watch the full course at https://www.udacity.com/course/ud459.

The session driver configuration option defines where session data will be stored for each request. Laravel ships with several great drivers out of the box:

• file - sessions are stored in storage/framework/sessions.
• cookie - sessions are stored in secure, encrypted cookies.
• database - sessions are stored in a relational database.
• memcached / redis - sessions are stored in one of these fast, cache based stores.
• array - sessions are stored in a PHP array and will not be persisted.

{tip} The array driver is used during testing and prevents the data stored in the session from being persisted.

Driver Prerequisites

Database

When using the database session driver, you will need to create a table to contain the session items. Below is an example Schema declaration for the table:

You may use the session:table Artisan command to generate this migration:

Redis

Before using Redis sessions with Laravel, you will need to either install the PhpRedis PHP extension via PECL or install the predis/predis package (~1.0) via Composer. For more information on configuring Redis, consult its Laravel documentation page.

{tip} In the session configuration file, the connection option may be used to specify which Redis connection is used by the session.

Using The Session

Retrieving Data

There are two primary ways of working with session data in Laravel: the global session helper and via a Request instance. First, let's look at accessing the session via a Request instance, which can be type-hinted on a controller method. Remember, controller method dependencies are automatically injected via the Laravel service container:

When you retrieve an item from the session, you may also pass a default value as the second argument to the get method. This default value will be returned if the specified key does not exist in the session. If you pass a Closure as the default value to the get method and the requested key does not exist, the Closure will be executed and its result returned:

The Global Session Helper

You may also use the global session PHP function to retrieve and store data in the session. When the session helper is called with a single, string argument, it will return the value of that session key. When the helper is called with an array of key / value pairs, those values will be stored in the session:

{tip} There is little practical difference between using the session via an HTTP request instance versus using the global session helper. Both methods are testable via the assertSessionHas method which is available in all of your test cases.

Retrieving All Session Data

If you would like to retrieve all the data in the session, you may use the all method:

Determining If An Item Exists In The Session

To determine if an item is present in the session, you may use the has method. The has method returns true if the item is present and is not null:

To determine if an item is present in the session, even if its value is null, you may use the exists method. The exists method returns true if the item is present:

Storing Data

To store data in the session, you will typically use the put method or the session helper:

Pushing To Array Session Values

The push method may be used to push a new value onto a session value that is an array. For example, if the user.teams key contains an array of team names, you may push a new value onto the array like so:

Retrieving & Deleting An Item

The pull method will retrieve and delete an item from the session in a single statement:

Flash Data

Sometimes you may wish to store items in the session only for the next request. You may do so using the flash method. Data stored in the session using this method will be available immediately and during the subsequent HTTP request. After the subsequent HTTP request, the flashed data will be deleted. Flash data is primarily useful for short-lived status messages:

If you need to keep your flash data around for several requests, you may use the reflash method, which will keep all of the flash data for an additional request. If you only need to keep specific flash data, you may use the keep method:

Deleting Data

The forget method will remove a piece of data from the session. If you would like to remove all data from the session, you may use the flush method:

Regenerating The Session ID

Regenerating the session ID is often done in order to prevent malicious users from exploiting a session fixation attack on your application.

Laravel automatically regenerates the session ID during authentication if you are using the built-in LoginController; however, if you need to manually regenerate the session ID, you may use the regenerate method.

Adding Custom Session Drivers

Implementing The Driver

Your custom session driver should implement the SessionHandlerInterface. This interface contains just a few simple methods we need to implement. A stubbed MongoDB implementation looks something like this:

{tip} Laravel does not ship with a directory to contain your extensions. You are free to place them anywhere you like. In this example, we have created an Extensions directory to house the MongoSessionHandler.

Since the purpose of these methods is not readily understandable, let's quickly cover what each of the methods do:

• The open method would typically be used in file based session store systems. Since Laravel ships with a file session driver, you will almost never need to put anything in this method. You can leave it as an empty stub. It is a fact of poor interface design (which we'll discuss later) that PHP requires us to implement this method.
• The close method, like the open method, can also usually be disregarded. For most drivers, it is not needed.
• The read method should return the string version of the session data associated with the given $sessionId. There is no need to do any serialization or other encoding when retrieving or storing session data in your driver, as Laravel will perform the serialization for you.
• The write method should write the given $data string associated with the $sessionId to some persistent storage system, such as MongoDB, Dynamo, etc. Again, you should not perform any serialization - Laravel will have already handled that for you.
• The destroy method should remove the data associated with the $sessionId from persistent storage.
• The gc method should destroy all session data that is older than the given $lifetime, which is a UNIX timestamp. For self-expiring systems like Memcached and Redis, this method may be left empty.

Registering The Driver

Once your driver has been implemented, you are ready to register it with the framework. To add additional drivers to Laravel's session backend, you may use the extend method on the Sessionfacade. You should call the extend method from the boot method of a service provider. You may do this from the existing AppServiceProvider or create an entirely new provider:

Once the session driver has been registered, you may use the mongo driver in your config/session.php configuration file.

I'm trying to decrypt a file using gpg and getting this error:

I tried to reload the gpg agent, no luck:

How to solve that?

For the record, if somebody will encounter this problem, too:

The problem was, that the encryption was done using gpg version 1.4.11 and the decryption was using gpg version 2.0.22.

After upgrading the encryption to gpg2 (2.0.17), everything worked fine.

GPG: How to sign with multiple signatures with different passphrases?

encryption,batch-processing,gnupg,pgp

You have different options. Completely remove the passwords, since they're stored somewhere anyway. Use the same password (as you already discovered). Use the gpg-agent and preset the passphrase. I'm unsure whether this is GnuPG 2-only (usually installed as gpg2, maybe to be installed from a gnupg2 package). Presetting the passphrase..

GPG key exists in the list?

bash,shell,gnupg

Run gpg --list-keys [key-id] (or the abbreviated command -k), which will have a return code of 0 (success) if a matching key exists, or something else (failure) otherwise. Don't list all keys and grep afterwards as proposed by others in the comments, this will get horribly slow for larger numbers..

Add a nickname to a gpg key [closed]

pgp,gnupg

There are multiple choices. Which way to go for depends on your needs and preferences. A brief discussion about advantages and disadvantages of the individual ones: The 'usenet' style, adding the pseudonym in quotes between the given and last name: John 'Random Hacker' Doe <[email protected]> I'd prefer this version, making..

How to resolve “gpg: command not found” error during RVM installation?

ruby,command-line,rvm,gnupg

GnuPG (with binary name gpg) is an application used for public key encryption, but also verification of signatures (cryptographic signatures, that also can validate the publisher if used correctly). Unlike most Linux distributions (which make heavy use of GnuPG for ensuring untampered software within their package repositories), Mac OS X..

Trying to compile GnuPG-2.1.1 on OS X Yosemite 10.10.1

osx,x86-64,gnupg,build-error,ar

Turns out I had a ranlib in /usr/local/bin/ranlib. It was broken, I don't know how it got there (I did try to build gcc at some point, it doesn't support make uninstall, so that's probably why). I just ran: sudo mv /usr/local/ranlib /usr/local/ranlib_old Then I just rebuilt all the dependancies,..

How do you keep GPG from asking for PinEntry?

python,gnupg

This depends on the version of GnuPG you're using. GnuPG 1: Use --no-use-agent to prevent GnuPG from asking the agent (which results in the pin entry dialog being opened) GnuPG 2: There is no way to prevent the agent being asked. But (at least starting with GnuPG 2.1), you can..

How can I encrypt files from request post with gpg

python,file,post,encryption,gnupg

As said by the documentation you should pass a string to encrypt(), not a file. encrypt() is certainly trying to get the encoded string by trying to call .encode() on the argument. You can find an example of encrypting a file here..

What is the point of maven's OpenPGP signatures if anyone can create and upload any keys?

maven,gnupg,sonatype,openpgp

Applying OpenPGP signatures allows others to verify authorship through the web of trust. As this indeed is a rather complicated approach with a rather steep learning curve, this is not enforced by default. Sander Mak wrote an excellent introduction about verification of OpenPGP signatures in Maven. Sadly, he does not..

Bash Unexpected End of File Error After Installing RVM

bash,rvm,gnupg,.bash-profile

It looks to me like you have a stray 'i' at the end of the second line: eval '$(rbenv init -)i' Because of that, eval is trying to run a command sequence that looks something like this: export PATH='/Users/pc3sq/.rbenv/shims:${PATH}' # [..] rbenv() { # [..] }i ..and since '}i' is..

How to compare a primary key fingerprint after verifying a signature with gpg?

maven,cryptography,gnupg

The public keys of the Maven developers are linked on top of the download page. It only contains the short IDs, which are not sufficient to verify keys, but help you at looking up which key was used. To do so, delete this key (it probably already was fetched from..

Changing name/comment on GPG key/uids without losing signatures?

pgp,gnupg

Incoming signatures always point to a UID. UIDs cannot be modified, only revoked. If you want to change one, it will have to get signed again. If you revoke a UID, you will lose all incoming signatures. UIDs are simple strings usually adhering to the pattern Name (comment) <[email protected]>, and..

When is key signing necessary?

encryption,pgp,gnupg

I find it useful to sign a key for a couple of reasons: To reassure me in the future that the key hasn't changed. To help the key owner prove their key to others via the web-of-trust. On point 1), it's easy enough to verify a fingerprint now but are..

No secret key when signing with git

git,gnupg

There is a typo in your gitconfig. Should be signingkey, not signinkey

PHP GnuPG - Signing message fails

php,encryption,gnupg,gpgme

Is your private key password protected? According to pecl/gnupg documentation you cannot pass a plaintext password for gnupg ≥ version 2. So all you can do is use a private key that has no password set, I guess. IMO pecl/gnupg errors are quite misleading..

How to fetch OpenPGP key for Mesos installation?

ubuntu,gnupg,apt-get,mesos,openpgp

apt uses it's own GnuPG keyring /etc/apt/trusted.gpg. Use apt-key to fetch the key instead, which wraps around GnuPG using the right keyring. sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv DF7D54CBE56151BF This is also what's proposed in the official documents, but I replaced the short key ID with a long key ID..

Compiling MySQL 5.6 for Raspberry Pi - validation error

mysql,debian,raspberry-pi,gnupg,mysql-5.6

This helps: sudo gpg -k Then install any missing packages that it errors on and then go for the final build/compile..

gpg decryption fails with no secret key error

unix,encryption,public-key-encryption,gnupg

Looks like the secret key isn't on the other machine, so even with the right passphrase (read from a file) it wouldn't work. These options should work, to Either copy the keyrings (maybe only secret keyring required, but public ring is public anyway) over to the other machine Or export..

Use PGP public key to cipher with Windows CryptoApi in C++

c++,encryption,cryptoapi,gnupg

Converting OpenPGP Keys to PEM Extracting the RSA public key from an OpenPGP key and conterting it to PEM format is possible. Sysmisc has an article about converting to and from OpenPGP keys in different ways. For the way OpenPGP to PEM, it boils down to: gpgsm -o secret-gpg-key.p12 --export-secret-key-p12..

OpenSSL vs GPG for encrypting off-site backups?

ruby,encryption,puppet,ubuntu-14.04,gnupg

I would pick GPG for file encryption, it's got decades of secure tested encryption, and is very easy to have multiple 'recipients' (backup keys?) or signatures with it's public keys & even servers (if they would be useful). With GPG, all the simple mistakes have been avoided/fixed, it picks a..

Decrypt file using GnuPG

encryption,gnupg

You're missing the private key with 3662FD5E. I have no other key given except for these credentials. Without this key, you cannot decrypt the file. The password you have might protect the private key, but without the private key, there's definitely no way to decrypt the file (unless in future,..

GnuPG error version 2.0.14

encryption,gnupg /generate-an-sftp-private-key.html.

The problem was due to a bug in the program. The encrypted file contents was getting truncated. The program uses Runtime. Exec method and was not handling the input stream properly. The issue was not with GnuPG encryption tool.

How to stop gpg 2.1 spawning many agents (for unit-testing)

Free Key Generation Software

GnuPG 2.1 always starts the agent, even when it doesn't actually need it. As 0install doesn't require access to secret keys, I was able to fix the problem by listening on a Unix socket S.gpg-agent in the test directory. You need to respond to gpg as follows: On getting a..

how do you find the name of a gpg key? (for use in maven-gpg-plugin)

maven,gnupg

If you look at my spelling of gpg.homedir it is incorrectly spelt as <gpg.home*r*dir>. Fixing this solved the problem..

GPG automatic decryption password passing

c#,windows,gnupg,passphrase

The Problem You're using GnuPG 2, which only allows the --passphrase* options together with --batch. Using --batch The --passphrase* options are meant to be used for scripting. GnuPG 2 limits them (probably for slowly deprecating them out) to the --batch mode, where GnuPG does not perform any interaction (eg., asking..

What is the command line equivalent for “sign, armor and encypt” using GPA - PGP?

pgp,gnupg,gpgme

Use both the --encrypt and --sign operations at the same time, eg. gpg --armor --recipient a4ff2279 --sign --encrypt <input Adjust the input pipe as needed, and on Windows systems you might need to use gpg.exe instead (and make sure GnuPG is in your path variable)..

GnuPG for Java library ant build issue/bug

java,ant,cryptography,gnupg

I rewrote my answer because I wanted to create a complete guide. Install GnuPG and MinGW-Get to a directory without spaces. After you installed MinGW with !!!GUI!!!, open mingw-get, install these components: mingw32-gcc (check all) mingw32-libz (the dll is the most important) Download and install MSYS, that is a command..

gpg: decryption failed: Bad session key

/windows-7-professional-key-generator-2014.html. For the record, if somebody will encounter this problem, too: The problem was, that the encryption was done using gpg version 1.4.11 and the decryption was using gpg version 2.0.22. After upgrading the encryption to gpg2 (2.0.17), everything worked fine..

Deleting keys using python-gnupg

python,gnupg

You are deleting the secret key (you are calling delete_keys with secret=True), but you are examining the list of public keys. Consider: assert_equal(len(gpg.list_keys(secret=True)), 1) assert_equal(gpg.delete_keys(fingerprints=key.fingerprint, secret=True).status, 'ok') assert_equal(len(gpg.list_keys(secret=True)), 0) This generates no errors..

What data is being signed when you `git commit --gpg-sign=`?

c,git,gnupg

After reading the code in commit_tree_extended, it seems the data used to sign is the part from 'tree' to the end of the comment, of course excluding the signature. In your example, it should be: tree 70e7c184c3a89c749174b4987830c287fd78952d author Dan Neumann <[email protected]> 1399683715 -0500 committer Dan Neumann <[email protected]> 1399683715 -0500 Initial..

Tar.gz and encrypt folders

shell,folder,tar,gnupg

No, you can't directly include multiple commands into -exec option of find. On the other hand, you can easily iterate over the results. For example in bash, you can do: find . -maxdepth 1 -mindepth 1 -type d while read dir; do tar czO '${dir}' gpg --output '${dir}'.tar.gz.asc..

creating a tarball, encrypt it on the fly and keeps tar messages in a log file

bash,shell,tar,gnupg,tee

2> file.log should achieve it. If you want to tee the stderr stream and also keep it going to the original destination, you can achieve that with 2> >(tee file.log >&2) In your example: tar zcvf - foo 2> >(tee file.log >&2) gpg -e -r [email protected] -o foo.tgz.gpg Your..

gpg: public key decryption failed: Bad passphrase

c#,encryption,cryptography,gnupg

I figured out the issue with the gpg command line. The second command line worked just fine. echo Mypasspharse gpg.exe --passphrase-fd 0 -o 'C:successtest.txt' --decrypt 'C:testfile.txt.gpg' Issue Was : Mypassphare contained a character '>' which interpreted as std out redirect in windows command prompt. So, passphase wasn't passing to the next..

GPG in a cron script

cron,gnupg

As pointed out by Jens Erat, gpg was needing the full path to the file to encrypt.

gpg encrypting files with

bash,shell,whitespace,gnupg

When referencing variables, if you use quotes (for example '$decrypted'), the content is not interpreted by the shell and is passed literally to the command as a single parameter. If you don't use quotes (for example, simply using $decrypted, like you do), the content is intepreted by the shell, which..

Bad crypto practice in Git-encrypt?

git,encryption,cryptography,gnupg,cbc-mode

ECB is secure when it's used to encrypt unique blocks. For example, if you had a collection of secret keys, and want to all of them with a master key, ECB is a secure choice. ECB is not secure when the same block could be encrypted multiple times. For example,..

Unable to generate gpg keys in linux [closed]

linux,gpgpu,gnupg,gpgme

Please check with this Run the gpg-agent command: gpg-agent --daemon --use-standard-socket --pinentry-program /usr/bin/pinentry-curses Generate enough entropy sudo rngd -r /dev/urandom Finally run the gpg command to generate the key: gpg --gen-key please run all commands with non-root user only Please login with same user,which is used to create gpg keys..

Go - Golang openpg - Create Key pair and create signature

go,gnupg,pgp,openpgp

Maybe this will do what you want. Disclaimer: I am not an expert in openpgp; I don't know whether this is correct or not. But it does work with gpg --import. package main import ( 'fmt' 'os' 'golang.org/x/crypto/openpgp' 'golang.org/x/crypto/openpgp/armor' ) func main() { var e *openpgp.Entity e, err := openpgp.NewEntity('itis',..

gnupg for PHP on OSX

php,osx,gnupg

Session Start In Php

I'm not entirely sure what happened, but I believe my installation of autoconf was somehow compromised. What ended up solving my problem was using brew to uninstall autoconf and gpgme, then using brew to reinstall both packages..

gnupg - need to be able to decrypt, without being able to encrypt

encryption,cryptography,gnupg

You cannot prevent the clients being able to encrypt to that key, as the secret key always includes the public key in OpenPGP (which is implemented by GnuPG). From RFC 4880, highlighting added by me: 5.5.1.3. Secret-Key Packet (Tag 5) A Secret-Key packet contains all the information that is found..

How to decrypt file using GpgAPI for c# without prompting for the password

c#,encryption,gnupg

The gpg2 does not work as it should .. download the gpg classic. Visit https://www.gnupg.org/download/ go to GnuPG binary -> Windows -> Simple installer for GnuPG classic. Change GpgInterface.ExePath = @'C:Program Files (x86)GNUGnuPGgpg2.exe'; to 'C:Program Files (x86)GNUGnuPGgpg.exe';..

How to use GnuPG inside Docker containers, as it is missing entropy?

docker,gnupg,entropy,openpgp

Missing Entropy Docker does not provide a virtual /dev/[u]random devices. If you haven't got enough entropy in the container, you haven't got enough entropy on the host. Check the contents of /proc/sys/kernel/random/entropy_avail, they should be pretty much the same on both the Docker host and container (if the number is..

Search .cvs file of email addresses for public pgp-keys

csv,terminal,gnupg

Don't write loops just for running a single command for each line of a file, use xargs instead. cat is also not required here. This small snippet is doing what you're trying to achieve: grep @ contacts.csv xargs -n 1 gpg --search-keys If you insist in the loop, use..

rvm installation gpg key warning

ruby-on-rails,ruby,ruby-on-rails-3,rvm,gnupg

Php Sessions Vs

GnuPG does more than verifying a hash sum, it can also help you at verifying who issued a signature. This line tells you, that the signature is valid (file is untampered) and was made using a certain key. gpg: Good signature from 'Michal Papis (RVM signing) <[email protected]>' Simply having a..

download a pgp key automaticly

linux,bash,shell,gnupg,pgp

Do not use mail addresses for finding keys when scripting. Everybody can upload keys with arbitrary user IDs in them, key servers to not check anything at all. It is even easily possible to calculate short key ID collisions. Trusting arbitrary keys on key servers provides a very, very dangerous,..

exclsuive gpg keypair for use on Android

In the end you've got two options: Using subkeys is principally the more elegant solution, but barely all OpenPGP clients lack possibilities to select which subkey to encrypt to (the more secure 'desktop' subkey, or the less secure 'mobile' subkey). Also think about how to make others use the right..

Where to store public and private gpg keys?

postgresql,gnupg,pgp

All security is a trade-off. (I'm not a crypto/security expert. These are my understandings from what I've read and studied, but if you're doing anything important, get professional advice from someone who's done this a lot for real). In this case you have a number of choices that differ mainly..

A different symmetric algo for gpgme

ruby,gnupg,gpgme

Well, apparently it's not possible to change the cipher through the API, but is possible w/ an indirect trick. Create a tmp directory /foo/bar & put in it gpg.conf file w/ the line: personal-cipher-preferences aes256 Set a 'home' directory for gpgme (before GPGME::Crypto.new): GPGME::Engine.home_dir = '/foo/bar' ..

Unattended GPG command script hangs at GPG command

bash,gnupg

With batch key generation, GnuPG expects the creation commands in a file, compare with the GnuPG manual page on batch key generation. cat <<EOT >batch-cmds %echo Generating a default key Key-Type: default Key-Length: 2048 Subkey-Type: default Name-Real: Firstname Lastname Name-Comment: No comment Name-Email: [email protected] Expire-Date: 0 Passphrase: abcde %pubring foo.pub..

Issues while importing public pgp key though gpg

gnupg,pgp

There is no --user option in GnuPG, especially not for --import which expects all further arguments to be files to be imported; and I could neither find one for PGP. The message says that the key 0DBC987k was already successfully imported into the GnuPG keyring, and no files could be..

PGP/GPG unable to decrypt [closed]

linux,encryption,gnupg,pgp

Self-decrypting messages (thus being wrapped in an executable) are not specified in OpenPGP, and not supported by GnuPG. Tell the sender who encrypted the file he should send you standard OpenPGP messages instead. Self-decrypting messages are a horrible idea anyway. You receive a message, and cannot really be sure where..